Abubuwan da ake buƙata don robobin likitanci sune kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai da amincin ilimin halitta, saboda za su haɗu da kwayoyi ko jikin ɗan adam.Abubuwan da ke cikin kayan filastik ba za su iya shiga cikin magungunan ruwa ko jikin mutum ba, ba za su haifar da guba da lalacewa ga kyallen takarda da gabobin ba, kuma ba su da guba kuma marasa lahani ga jikin ɗan adam.Don tabbatar da amincin lafiyar robobin likitanci, robobin likitancin da galibi ana siyarwa a kasuwa sun wuce takaddun shaida da gwajin hukumomin kiwon lafiya, kuma ana sanar da masu amfani da su waɗanne nau'ikan samfuran likita ne.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na filastik na yau da kullun sune polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyethertherketone (PEEK), da sauransu. PVC da PE lissafin kudi mafi girma, lissafin 28% da 24% bi da bi;PS lissafin 18%;PP lissafin 16%;robobi injiniyoyi sun kai 14%.
Mai zuwa yana gabatar da robobin da aka saba amfani da su wajen jiyya.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Fasaloli: Babban kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa, amma ba sauƙin haɗawa ba.
PE shine babban maƙasudin filastik tare da mafi girman fitarwa.Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga mai kyau aiki yi, low cost, ba mai guba da m, kuma mai kyau biocompatibility.
PE yafi hada da polyethylene low-density (LDPE), polyethylene high-density (HDPE) da polyethylene ultra high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) da sauran nau'ikan.UHMWPE (ultra-high-high molecular weight polyethylene) filastik injiniya ne na musamman tare da juriya mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi (kambin robobi), ƙaramin juzu'i, rashin kuzarin halittu da kyawawan halayen haɓaka kuzari.Ana iya kwatanta juriyarsa da sinadarai da Kwatankwacin PTFE.
Babban kaddarorin sun haɗa da ƙarfin injiniya mai ƙarfi, ductility da wurin narkewa.Polyethylene mai yawa yana da wurin narkewa na 1200 ° C zuwa 1800 ° C, yayin da ƙarancin yawa polyethylene yana da wurin narkewa na 1200 ° C zuwa 1800 ° C.Polyethylene babban robobi ne na likitanci saboda ingancin sa mai tsada, juriya mai tasiri, juriyar lalata, da ingantaccen tsarin tsari ta hanyar hawan haifuwa akai-akai.Saboda kasancewar rashin kuzarin halitta da rashin lalacewa a cikin jiki
Ƙananan Maɗaukaki Polyethylene (LDPE) Yana Amfani: Marufi na likita da kwantena IV.
Polyethylene mai girma (HDPE) yana amfani da: urethra na wucin gadi, huhu na wucin gadi, trachea na wucin gadi, larynx na wucin gadi, koda wucin gadi, kashin wucin gadi, kayan gyaran kasusuwa.
Polyethylene (UHMWPE) yana amfani da: huhun wucin gadi, haɗin gwiwar wucin gadi, da sauransu.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Siffofin: ƙananan farashi, kewayon aikace-aikacen fa'ida, sauƙin sarrafawa, juriya mai kyau na sinadarai, amma rashin kwanciyar hankali na thermal.
PVC guduro foda fari ne ko haske rawaya foda, PVC tsantsa ne m, wuya da gaggautsa, da wuya amfani.Dangane da dalilai daban-daban, ana iya ƙara abubuwa daban-daban don yin sassan filastik na PVC suna nuna kaddarorin jiki daban-daban.Ƙara adadin da ya dace na filastik zuwa resin PVC na iya yin samfura iri-iri masu wuya, taushi da bayyane.
Babban nau'ikan PVC guda biyu da ake amfani da su wajen kera robobin likitanci sune PVC mai sassauƙa da PVC mai ƙarfi.PVC mai ƙarfi ba ya ƙunshe ko ƙunshe da ƙaramin adadin filastik, yana da kyawu mai kyau, lankwasawa, matsawa da kaddarorin juriya, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan gini kaɗai.PVC mai laushi ya ƙunshi ƙarin filastik, taushinsa, haɓakawa a lokacin hutu, da haɓaka juriya na sanyi, amma raguwa, taurinsa, da ƙarfin ɗaure yana raguwa.Girman PVC mai tsabta shine 1.4g / cm3, kuma yawancin sassan filastik na PVC tare da masu yin filastik da filler gabaɗaya a cikin kewayon 1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Dangane da ƙididdigar da ba ta cika ba, kusan kashi 25% na samfuran filastik na likita sune PVC.Yafi saboda ƙarancin farashi na resin, aikace-aikace da yawa, da sauƙin sarrafawa.Kayayyakin PVC don aikace-aikacen likita sun haɗa da: tubing hemodialysis, masks na numfashi, bututun oxygen, catheters na zuciya, kayan aikin prosthetic, jakunkuna na jini, peritoneum na wucin gadi, da sauransu.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Siffofin: ba mai guba ba, maras ɗanɗano, kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya, kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai da juriya mai zafi.Kyakkyawan rufi, ƙarancin sha ruwa, juriya mai kyau, juriya mai ƙarfi, juriya mai rauni, juriya na alkali, gyare-gyare mai kyau, babu matsalar damuwa na muhalli.PP shine thermoplastic tare da kyakkyawan aiki.Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga ƙananan ƙayyadaddun nauyi (0.9g / cm3), aiki mai sauƙi, juriya mai tasiri, juriya mai sassauƙa, da babban narkewa (kimanin 1710C).Yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, pp gyare-gyaren raguwar ƙima yana da girma, kuma samar da samfuran kauri yana da lahani ga lahani.Filayen ba shi da ƙarfi kuma yana da wahalar bugawa da haɗin kai.Za a iya extruded, allura molded, welded, kumfa, thermoformed, inji.
Medical PP yana da babban nuna gaskiya, mai kyau shamaki da radiation juriya, sa shi yadu amfani a likita kayan aiki da kuma marufi masana'antu.Abubuwan da ba na PVC ba tare da PP a matsayin babban jiki shine maye gurbin kayan PVC da aka yi amfani da su sosai a halin yanzu.
Ana amfani da: sirinji na zubarwa, masu haɗawa, murfin filastik bayyananne, bambaro, marufi mai gina jiki na parenteral, fina-finan dialysis.
Sauran masana'antu sun haɗa da jakunkuna da aka saka, fina-finai, akwatunan juyawa, kayan kariya na waya, kayan wasan yara, bumpers, filaye, injin wanki, da dai sauransu.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) da Kresin
Siffofin: ƙananan farashi, ƙarancin ƙima, m, kwanciyar hankali mai girma, juriya na radiation (haifuwa).
PS nau'in filastik ne na biyu kawai zuwa polyvinyl chloride da polyethylene.Yawancin lokaci ana sarrafa shi kuma a yi amfani da shi azaman filastik guda ɗaya.Babban fasalinsa shine nauyi mai sauƙi, nuna gaskiya, rini mai sauƙi, da kyakkyawan aikin gyare-gyare.sassan lantarki, kayan aikin gani da kayan al'adu da ilimi.Rubutun yana da wuya kuma yana da karye, kuma yana da ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar thermal, don haka yana iyakance aikace-aikacensa a aikin injiniya.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙera gyare-gyaren polystyrene da styrene copolymers don shawo kan gazawar polystyrene zuwa wani matsayi.K resin yana daya daga cikinsu.
Kresin yana samuwa ta hanyar copolymerization na styrene da butadiene.Yana da amorphous polymer, m, wari, mara guba, tare da yawa game da 1.01g/cm3 (kasa da PS da AS), kuma mafi girma tasiri juriya fiye da PS., nuna gaskiya (80-90%) yana da kyau, zafin jiki na murdiya yana da 77 ℃, nawa butadiene ke ƙunshe a cikin kayan K, kuma taurinsa shima ya bambanta, saboda kayan K yana da ruwa mai kyau da kewayon zafin aiki mai faɗi. don haka kyakkyawan aikin sarrafa shi.
Crystalline Polystyrene Amfani: Laboratoryware, petri da al'adun nama jita-jita, kayan aikin numfashi da tulun tsotsa.
Babban Tasirin Polystyrene Amfani: Tireshin catheter, famfo na zuciya, tire mai ɗorewa, kayan aikin numfashi, da kofunan tsotsa.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun sun haɗa da kofuna, murfi, kwalabe, marufi na kwaskwarima, rataye, kayan wasan yara, kayayyakin maye gurbin PVC, marufi na abinci da kayan marufi, da dai sauransu.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Siffofin: Mai wuya, tare da juriya mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi, kwanciyar hankali mai girma, da sauransu, tabbacin danshi, juriya mai lalata, sauƙin sarrafawa, da watsa haske mai kyau.Ana amfani da aikace-aikacen likitanci na ABS a matsayin kayan aikin tiyata, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, alluran filastik, akwatunan kayan aiki, na'urorin bincike da gidajen agajin ji, musamman ma gidajen wasu manyan kayan aikin likita.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Features: Kyakkyawan tauri, ƙarfi, tsauri da zafi mai jurewa tururi haifuwa, babban nuna gaskiya.Dace da allura gyare-gyaren, walda da sauran gyare-gyaren matakai, yiwuwa ga danniya fatattaka.
Wadannan halaye sun fi son PC a matsayin masu tace hemodialysis, kayan aikin tiyata da tankunan oxygen (lokacin a cikin aikin tiyata na zuciya, wannan kayan aiki na iya cire carbon dioxide a cikin jini kuma ya kara oxygen);
Aikace-aikacen likitanci na kwamfutoci kuma sun haɗa da tsarin allura marasa allura, kayan aikin turare, gidaje daban-daban, masu haɗawa, kayan aikin tiyata, tankunan oxygen, kwano na centrifuge na jini, da pistons.Yin amfani da fa'idarsa mai girma, gilashin myopia na yau da kullun ana yin su ne da PC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Features: high crystallinity, mai kyau zafi juriya, high sinadaran kwanciyar hankali, da karfi acid da alkali da daban-daban kwayoyin kaushi ba ya shafe shi.Yana da kyawawa mai kyau da daidaitawar jini, babu lahani ga ilimin halittar ɗan adam, babu wani mummunan sakamako lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin jiki, ana iya haifuwa a babban zafin jiki, kuma ya dace da amfani a fagen likitanci.
PTFE resin farin foda ne tare da bayyanar kakin zuma, santsi kuma ba mai ɗaci ba, kuma shine filastik mafi mahimmanci.PTFE yana da kyakkyawan aiki, wanda ba shi da kama da na yau da kullun na thermoplastics, don haka ana kiranta da "Sarkin Filastik".Saboda yawan juzu'in sa shine mafi ƙasƙanci a tsakanin robobi kuma yana da kyakkyawan yanayin halitta, ana iya yin shi ta hanyar tasoshin jini na wucin gadi da sauran na'urori waɗanda aka dasa kai tsaye cikin jikin ɗan adam.
Amfani: Duk nau'ikan trachea na wucin gadi, esophagus, bile duct, urethra, peritoneum wucin gadi, dura mater na kwakwalwa, fatar wucin gadi, kashin wucin gadi, da sauransu.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Poly ether ketones)
Siffofin: juriya na zafi, juriya na sawa, juriya juriya, juriya na radiation, juriya na lalata, juriya na hydrolysis, nauyi mai haske, mai kyau mai kai, da kyakkyawan aiki.Zai iya jure maimaita autoclaving.
Yana amfani da: Yana iya maye gurbin karafa a kayan aikin tiyata da na hakori, kuma ya maye gurbin titanium alloys wajen kera kasusuwa na wucin gadi.
(Na'urorin ƙarfe na iya haifar da kayan tarihi na hoto ko kuma su shafi filin duban likita a yayin ayyukan tiyata kaɗan. PEEK yana da tauri kamar bakin karfe, amma ba zai samar da kayan tarihi ba.)
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) wanda aka fi sani da nailan, (Nylon)
Siffofin: Yana da sassauci, juriya mai lanƙwasa, babban ƙarfi kuma ba shi da sauƙin karya, juriya na kwamfutar hannu da juriya abrasion.Baya saki wani abu mai cutarwa don haka baya haifar da kumburin fata ko nama.
Amfani: Hoses, Connectors, Adapters, Pistons.
10. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Features: Yana da kyau bayyananne, high ƙarfi da hawaye yi, sinadaran juriya da abrasion juriya;fadi da kewayon taurin, m surface, anti-fungal da microorganism, da high ruwa juriya.
Ana amfani da: catheters na likita, abin rufe fuska na oxygen, zukata na wucin gadi, kayan aikin sakin magunguna, masu haɗin IV, buhunan roba don masu lura da hawan jini, suturar rauni don gudanar da aikin da ba ta da kyau.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-09-2023