ʻO nā koi maʻamau no nā plastic plastics he kūpaʻa kemika a me ka palekana olaola, no ka mea e hui pū lākou me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke kino kanaka.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea i loko o ka mea palaki i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau wai a i ʻole ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopōʻino i nā ʻiʻo a me nā kino, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa a maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino o ke kanaka.I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana olaola o nā plastic plastic, ʻo nā plastic plastics i kūʻai pinepine ʻia ma ka mākeke ua hala i ka hōʻoia a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā luna olakino, a ʻike maopopo ʻia nā mea hoʻohana i nā hōʻailona maʻamau.
ʻO nā mea lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau ka polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), etc., ʻO ka helu PVC a me ka PE no ka nui loa, ʻo 28% a me 24% kēlā me kēia;He 18% ka PS;He 16% ka PP;ʻO ka ʻenekinia plastics he 14%.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma lalo nei i nā plastics i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: Paʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe, biocompatibility maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻopaʻa.
ʻO PE ka plastic-purpose plastic me ka nui loa.Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hana hoʻoponopono maikaʻi, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, non-toxic a me ka ʻono, a me ka biocompatibility maikaʻi.
ʻO ka PE ka nui o ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDPE), ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe (HDPE) a me ka polyethylene kaumaha kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (UHMWPE) a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe.UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) he plastic engineering kūikawā me ke kū'ē i ka hopena kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu ikaika (ka lei o nā plastics), ka liʻiliʻi friction coefficient, biological inertness a me nā hiʻohiʻona absorption ikehu maikaʻi.Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kona kūpaʻa kemika me ka Comparable to PTFE.
Loaʻa nā waiwai maʻamau i ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ductility a me ka helu heheʻe.He wahi hehee ko Density polyethylene o 1200°C a 1800°C, oiai he wahi hehee ka polyethylene low density mai 1200°C a 1800°C.ʻO ka polyethylene ka mea lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kona kumukūʻai, ka hopena o ka hopena, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a me ka paʻa paʻa paʻa ma o nā pōʻai sterilization pinepine.Ma muli o ka biologically inert a ʻaʻole degradable i ke kino
Hoʻohana ʻia ka Polyethylene Haʻahaʻa Haʻahaʻa (LDPE): Puke lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ipu IV.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe (HDPE): urethra artificial, māmā hana, trachea artificial, larynx artificial, kidney artificial, iwi artificial, mea hoʻoponopono orthopedic.
ʻO ka polyethylene kaumaha kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (UHMWPE) Hoʻohana: nā māmā hana, nā hono hana, etc.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka laulā noi ākea, ka hana maʻalahi, ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka wela.
ʻO ka pauka resin PVC keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka pauka melemele māmā, ʻo ka PVC maʻemaʻe he atactic, paʻakikī a palupalu, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia.Wahi a nā kumu like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole e hana i nā ʻāpana plastik PVC e hōʻike i nā ʻano kino a me nā ʻano mechanical.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui o ka plasticizer i ka resin PVC hiki ke hana i nā ʻano huahana paʻakikī, palupalu a ʻike.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau ʻelua o PVC i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā plastic plastics he PVC maʻalahi a me PVC paʻa.ʻAʻole i loaʻa a i ʻole i loko o ka PVC paʻa i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka plasticizer, he tensile maikaʻi, kūlou, compressive a me ka hopena o ka hopena, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā wale nō.Loaʻa i ka PVC palupalu nā mea plasticizers, kona palupalu, elongation i ka wā haki, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kū anuanu, akā ua emi kona brittleness, paʻakikī, a me ka ikaika tensile.ʻO ka nui o ka PVC maʻemaʻe he 1.4g / cm3, a ʻo ka nui o nā ʻāpana plastik PVC me nā plasticizers a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha maʻamau i ka laulā o 1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Wahi a nā kuhi hewa ʻole, ma kahi o 25% o nā huahana plastik olakino he PVC.ʻO ka mea nui ma muli o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka resin, ka laulā o nā noi, a me ka hana maʻalahi.ʻO nā huahana PVC no nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me: hemodialysis tubing, breathing masks, oxygen tubes, cardiac catheters, prosthetic material, ʻeke koko, artificial peritoneum, etc.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: non-toxic, tasteless, good mechanical properties, chemical stability and heat resistance.ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi, ka haʻahaʻa wai haʻahaʻa, ka pale ʻana i ka solvent maikaʻi, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaila, ka pale ʻana i ka waika nāwaliwali, ke kūpaʻa alkali nāwaliwali, ka hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻana, ʻaʻohe pilikia pilikia kaiapuni.ʻO PP kahi thermoplastic me ka hana maikaʻi loa.Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka umekaumaha liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (0.9g/cm3), ka hana maʻalahi, ka pale ʻana i ka hopena, ka pale ʻana, a me ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe (e pili ana i 1710C).Loaʻa iā ia kahi ākea o nā noi i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pp molding shrinkage rate, a ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā huahana mānoanoa e maʻalahi i nā hemahema.ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka paʻi a paʻa ka ʻili.Hiki ke extruded, injection molded, welded, foamed, thermoformed, machined.
He kiʻekiʻe ʻo Medical PP, pale maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka radiation, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana hoʻopili.ʻO ka mea non-PVC me PP ma ke kino nui he mea pani no ka mea PVC i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa.
Hoʻohana: ʻO nā syringes hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia, nā mea hoʻohui, nā uhi plastik alohilohi, nā ʻōpala, nā meaʻai meaʻai makua, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni dialysis.
ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe nā ʻeke i ulana ʻia, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā pahu huli, nā mea pale uea, nā mea pāʻani, nā bumper kaʻa, nā fibers, nā mīkini holoi, etc.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) a me Kresin
Nā hiʻohiʻona: ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻike maopopo, kūpaʻa dimensional, pale ʻana i ka radiation (sterilization).
ʻO ka PS he ʻano plastik ka lua wale nō i ka polyvinyl chloride a me ka polyethylene.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka plastic-component plastic.ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona nui, ʻo ia ke kaumaha māmā, ke aniani, ke kala maʻalahi, a me ka hana hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi.ʻO nā ʻāpana uila, nā mea ʻike maka a me nā lako moʻomeheu a hoʻonaʻauao.He paʻakikī a he palupalu ke ʻano, a he koena kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, no laila e kaupalena ana i kāna noi ʻana i ka ʻenekinia.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā polystyrene a me nā copolymers i hoʻololi ʻia e lanakila ai i nā hemahema o ka polystyrene i kekahi ʻano.K resin kekahi o ia mau mea.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Kresin e ka copolymerization o styrene a me butadiene.He polymer amorphous, ʻikea, ʻala ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, me ka mānoanoa ma kahi o 1.01g/cm3 (haʻahaʻa ma mua o PS a me AS), a ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa hopena ma mua o PS., He maikaʻi ka ʻike (80-90%), ʻo ka wela distortion wela he 77 ℃, pehea ka nui o ka butadiene i loko o ka mea K, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kona paʻakikī, no ka mea, he fluidity maikaʻi ka mea K a me kahi ākea ākea ākea. no laila kāna hana hana maikaʻi.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Crystalline Polystyrene: Laboratoryware, petri a me nā kīʻaha moʻomeheu ʻiʻo, nā mea hanu a me nā ipu hoʻoheheʻe.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Polystyrene High Impact: ʻO nā pā Catheter, nā ʻōpala naʻau, nā pā lōʻihi, nā mea hanu, a me nā kīʻaha hoʻoheheʻe.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohana nui i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ia nā kīʻaha, nā poʻi, nā ʻōmole, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā hangers, nā mea pāʻani, nā huahana pani PVC, nā meaʻai meaʻai a me nā lako lāʻau lapaʻau, etc.
5. ʻO nā copolymers Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: Paʻakikī, me ka ikaika o ka hopena, ka pale ʻana, ke kūpaʻa dimensional, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ABS e like me nā mea hana ʻoki, roller clips, nā nila plastik, nā pahu mea hana, nā mea diagnostic a me nā hale kōkua hoʻolohe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hale o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau nui.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: ʻO ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, ka ikaika, ka rigidity a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka mahu wela, ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe.He kūpono no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe, maʻalahi i ke koʻikoʻi.
ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e makemake nui ʻia ka PC ma ke ʻano he kānana hemodialysis, nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki a me nā pahu oxygen (i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka naʻau, hiki i kēia mea hana ke wehe i ke kalapona i loko o ke koko a hoʻonui i ka oxygen);
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā noi lāʻau lapaʻau o nā PC me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe pono ʻole, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā hale like ʻole, nā mea hoʻohui, nā lima o ka ʻoki ʻana, nā pahu oxygen, nā kīʻaha koko centrifuge, a me nā pistons.I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna ʻike kiʻekiʻe, hana ʻia nā aniani myopia maʻamau i PC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: ka crystallinity kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe, ka waikawa ikaika a me ka alkali a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ia.He maikaʻi ka biocompatibility a me ke koko adaptability, ʻaʻohe pōʻino i ka physiology kanaka, ʻaʻohe hopena ʻino i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai i loko o ke kino, hiki ke sterilized i ke kiʻekiʻe wela, a kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO ka resin PTFE he pauka keʻokeʻo me kahi hiʻohiʻona waxy, ʻoluʻolu a paʻa ʻole, a ʻo ia ka plastik nui loa.He hana maikaʻi loa ka PTFE, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā thermoplastics maʻamau, no laila ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "King of Plastics".No ka mea ʻo kāna coefficient o friction ka mea haʻahaʻa loa ma waena o nā plastics a he biocompatibility maikaʻi, hiki ke hana ʻia i nā kīʻaha koko artificial a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻokomo pono ʻia i loko o ke kino kanaka.
Hoʻohana: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka trachea artificial, esophagus, bile duct, urethra, artificial peritoneum, lolo dura mater, ʻili kūlohelohe, iwi artificial, etc.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Poly ether ether ketones)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: ka pale wela, ka pale ʻana, ka luhi luhi, ka pale ʻana i ka radiation, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa hydrolysis, ke kaumaha māmā, ka lubrication ponoʻī maikaʻi, a me ka hana hana maikaʻi.Hiki ke pale i ka autoclaving pinepine.
Hoʻohana: Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i nā metala i nā mea ʻoki a me nā mea hana niho, a hoʻololi i nā alloys titanium i ka hana ʻana i nā iwi hana.
(Hiki paha i nā mea metala ke hana i nā kiʻi kiʻi a i ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻana i ke kahua o ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana o ke kauka i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa liʻiliʻi loa.
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo nylon, (Nylon)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: Loaʻa iā ia ka maʻalahi, ke kūpaʻa kūlou, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e wāwahi, ke kūpaʻa papa kemika a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion.ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i nā mea ʻino a no laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonā i ka ʻili a i ʻole ka ʻili.
Hoʻohana: Hoses, Hoʻohui, Adapters, Pistons.
10. Poliuretana Thermoplastic (TPU)
Nā hiʻohiʻona: Loaʻa iā ia ka māliko maikaʻi, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana waimaka, ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion;ākea ākea o ka paʻakikī, ka ʻili maʻemaʻe, ka anti-fungal a me ka microorganism, a me ke kūpaʻa wai kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohana ʻia: nā catheters lapaʻau, nā mask oxygen, nā puʻuwai hana, nā mea hoʻokuʻu lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻohui IV, nā ʻeke ʻeke no ka nānā ʻana i ke koko, nā lole ʻeha no ka hoʻokele extracutaneous.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-09-2023