Cov kev cai yooj yim rau cov yas kho mob yog cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha, vim tias lawv yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj lossis tib neeg lub cev.Cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv yas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov tshuaj ua kua lossis tib neeg lub cev, yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj mob rau tib neeg lub cev.Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov yas kho mob, cov yas kho mob uas feem ntau muag hauv khw tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj thiab kev sim ntawm cov kws kho mob, thiab cov neeg siv tau paub meej tias hom twg yog qib kho mob.
Cov ntaub ntawv yas kho mob feem ntau yog polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), thiab lwm yam. PVC thiab PE account rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, suav txog 28% thiab 24% feem;PS account rau 18%;PP suav txog 16%;engineering plastics suav txog 14%.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog cov yas uas nquag siv hauv kev kho mob.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Nta: Muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, zoo biocompatibility, tab sis tsis yooj yim rau kev sib cog lus.
PE yog cov khoom siv dav dav nrog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws.Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo, tus nqi qis, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis qab, thiab zoo biocompatibility.
PE feem ntau suav nrog polyethylene low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) thiab ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) thiab lwm yam.UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular yuag polyethylene) yog ib qho tshwj xeeb engineering yas uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, muaj zog hnav tsis kam (cov yas yas), kev sib txhuam me me, kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab zoo zog nqus cov yam ntxwv.Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab piv nrog piv rau PTFE.
General khoom muaj xws li siab mechanical zog, ductility thiab melting point.Ntws polyethylene muaj lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm 1200 ° C txog 1800 ° C, thaum tsawg dua lub zog polyethylene muaj qhov taw tes melting ntawm 1200 ° C txog 1800 ° C.Polyethylene yog cov yas qib siab kho mob vim tias nws cov nqi-zoo, kev cuam tshuam, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam tsis tu ncua.Vim yog biologically inert thiab tsis-degradable nyob rau hauv lub cev
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Siv: Kev kho mob ntim thiab IV ntim.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) siv: urethra dag, dag lub ntsws, dag trachea, dag larynx, dag lub raum, dag pob txha, orthopedic kho cov ntaub ntawv.
Ultra-high molecular hnyav polyethylene (UHMWPE) Siv: lub ntsws dag, pob qij txha, thiab lwm yam.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Nta: tus nqi qis, ntau daim ntawv thov, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, tshuaj lom neeg zoo, tab sis tsis zoo thermal stability.
PVC resin hmoov yog dawb los yog lub teeb daj hmoov, ntshiab PVC yog atactic, tawv thiab nkig, tsis tshua siv.Raws li cov hom phiaj sib txawv, cov khoom siv sib txawv tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los ua cov khoom siv yas PVC muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov yas yas rau PVC resin tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam khoom tawv, muag muag thiab pob tshab.
Ob daim ntawv dav dav ntawm PVC siv rau hauv kev tsim cov yas kho mob yog hloov tau PVC thiab PVC tawv.Rigid PVC tsis muaj lossis muaj me me ntawm cov yas yas, muaj qhov zoo tensile, khoov, compressive thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv ib leeg.Mos PVC muaj ntau cov yas, nws cov softness, elongation ntawm so, thiab txias kuj nce, tab sis nws brittleness, hardness, thiab tensile zog txo.Qhov ceev ntawm ntshiab PVC yog 1.4g / cm3, thiab qhov ceev ntawm PVC yas qhov chaw nrog plasticizers thiab muab tub lim yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Raws li kev kwv yees tsis tiav, kwv yees li 25% ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob yog PVC.Feem ntau yog vim tus nqi qis ntawm cov resin, ntau yam kev siv, thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim.PVC cov khoom siv rau kev kho mob muaj xws li: hemodialysis tubing, lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg ua pa, pa oxygen tubes, lub plawv catheters, cov khoom siv prosthetic, cov hnab ntshav, khoom siv peritoneum, thiab lwm yam.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Nta: non-toxic, tasteless, zoo mechanical zog, tshuaj stability thiab kub tsis kam.Zoo rwb thaiv tsev, tsis tshua muaj dej nqus, zoo hnyav kuj, roj kuj, tsis muaj zog acid kuj, tsis muaj zog alkali tsis kam, zoo molding, tsis muaj ib puag ncig kev nyuaj siab tawg teeb meem.PP yog cov thermoplastic nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo heev.Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus me me (0.9g / cm3), ua haujlwm yooj yim, cuam tshuam tsis kam, flex tsis kam, thiab siab melting point (kwv yees li 1710C).Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv lub neej niaj hnub, pp molding shrinkage tus nqi yog qhov loj, thiab kev tsim cov khoom tuab yog qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag.Qhov saum npoo yog inert thiab nyuaj rau luam tawm thiab daim ntawv cog lus.Yuav extruded, txhaj molded, welded, foamed, thermoformed, machined.
Kev kho mob PP muaj cov pob tshab, muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, ua rau nws siv dav hauv cov khoom siv kho mob thiab ntim khoom lag luam.Cov khoom siv tsis yog PVC nrog PP raws li lub cev tseem ceeb yog qhov hloov pauv rau cov khoom siv dav siv PVC tam sim no.
Siv: Cov koob txhaj tshuaj pov tseg, cov khoom sib txuas, cov npog yas pob tshab, cov straws, ntim khoom noj khoom haus parenteral, cov yeeb yaj kiab lim ntshav.
Lwm cov kev lag luam muaj xws li cov hnab ntim khoom, cov yeeb yaj kiab, cov thawv ntim khoom, cov ntaub thaiv npog, cov khoom ua si, tsheb bumpers, fibers, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) thiab Kresin
Nta: tus nqi qis, tsis tshua muaj ntom, pob tshab, qhov ruaj khov, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv (sterilization).
PS yog hom yas thib ob tsuas yog polyvinyl chloride thiab polyethylene.Nws feem ntau yog ua tiav thiab siv los ua ib qho khoom siv yas.Nws lub ntsiab nta yog lub teeb yuag, pob tshab, yooj yim dyeing, thiab zoo molding kev ua tau zoo.Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag thiab cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm.Cov kev ntxhib los mos yog tawv thiab nkig, thiab muaj cov coefficient siab ntawm thermal expansion, yog li txwv nws daim ntawv thov hauv engineering.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, hloov polystyrene thiab styrene-raws li copolymers tau raug tsim los kov yeej cov shortcomings ntawm polystyrene mus rau ib qho twg.K resin yog ib qho ntawm lawv.
Kresin yog tsim los ntawm copolymerization ntawm styrene thiab butadiene.Nws yog amorphous polymer, pob tshab, tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, nrog rau qhov ntom ntom ntawm 1.01g / cm3 (tsawg dua PS thiab AS), thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li PS., pob tshab (80-90%) yog qhov zoo, qhov kub thiab txias distortion yog 77 ℃, ntau npaum li cas butadiene muaj nyob rau hauv K cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws hardness kuj txawv, vim hais tias cov khoom K muaj fluidity zoo thiab ib tug dav ua kub ntau yam, yog li nws cov kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Crystalline Polystyrene Siv: Cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj, petri thiab cov ntaub so ntswg kab lis kev cai tais diav, cov cuab yeej ua pa thiab cov thawv nqus.
High Impact Polystyrene Siv: Catheter trays, cardiac pumps, dural trays, respiratory equipment, and suction cups.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv lub neej niaj hnub muaj xws li khob, hau, lub raj mis, ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce, hangers, khoom ua si, PVC hloov khoom, ntim khoom noj thiab cov khoom ntim kho mob, thiab lwm yam.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymer)
Nta: Nyuaj, muaj zog cuam tshuam tsis kam, khawb tsis kam, qhov ruaj khov, thiab lwm yam., noo noo-pov thawj, corrosion-resistant, yooj yim rau txheej txheem, thiab lub teeb kis tau zoo.Daim ntawv thov kev kho mob ntawm ABS feem ntau yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej phais, cov menyuam clips, koob yas, cov thawv ntawv, cov cuab yeej kuaj mob thiab cov cuab yeej pab hnov lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov vaj tsev ntawm qee cov khoom siv kho mob loj.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Nta: Zoo toughness, lub zog, rigidity thiab kub-resistant chav sterilization, siab transparency.Haum rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding, vuam thiab lwm yam txheej txheem molding, nws yooj yim rau kev ntxhov siab tawg.
Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau PC nyiam raws li cov lim dej hemodialysis, cov cuab yeej phais kho mob thiab cov pa oxygen (thaum nyob rau hauv kev phais plawv, cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide hauv cov ntshav thiab nce oxygen);
Kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntawm PCs kuj suav nrog cov koob txhaj tshuaj tsis muaj koob, cov twj tso kua mis perfusion, ntau lub tsev nyob, cov khoom sib txuas, cov cuab yeej phais mob, cov tso tsheb hlau luam oxygen, cov hlab ntshav centrifuge, thiab pistons.Ua kom zoo dua ntawm nws cov pob tshab siab, cov tsom iav myopia ib txwm yog ua los ntawm PC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Nta: siab crystallinity, zoo kub tsis kam, siab tshuaj stability, muaj zog acid thiab alkali thiab ntau yam organic solvents tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nws.Nws muaj biocompatibility zoo thiab cov ntshav yoog tau, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev, tsis muaj kev phiv tshuaj thaum cog rau hauv lub cev, tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsim nyog siv rau hauv kev kho mob.
PTFE resin yog cov hmoov dawb nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, du thiab tsis nplaum, thiab yog cov yas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.PTFE muaj kev ua tau zoo heev, uas yog unmatched los ntawm cov thermoplastics zoo tib yam, yog li nws yog hu ua "King of Plastics".Vim tias nws cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam yog qhov qis tshaj ntawm cov yas thiab muaj biocompatibility zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha thiab lwm yam khoom siv ncaj qha rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Siv: Txhua yam khoom siv dag zog, txoj hlab pas, kab mob hauv lub cev, urethra, dag peritoneum, lub hlwb dura mater, tawv nqaij, pob txha pob txha, thiab lwm yam.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Poly ether ether ketones)
Nta: kub tsis kam, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog tiv thaiv, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, corrosion kuj, hydrolysis tsis kam, lub teeb yuag, zoo tus kheej lubrication, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.Muaj peev xwm tiv taus rov autoclaving.
Siv: Nws tuaj yeem hloov cov hlau hauv kev phais thiab kho hniav, thiab hloov cov titanium alloys hauv kev tsim cov pob txha pob txha.
(Cov cuab yeej siv hlau yuav ua rau cov duab kos duab lossis cuam tshuam rau tus kws kho mob qhov chaw phais ntawm qhov kev pom thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kho mob tsawg kawg nkaus. PEEK yog tawv li stainless hlau, tab sis nws yuav tsis tsim cov khoom cuav.
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) feem ntau hu ua nylon, (Nylon)
Nta: Nws muaj qhov yooj yim, khoov tsis kam, siab toughness thiab tsis yooj yim rau tawg, tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab puas ua haujlwm.Tsis tso tawm tej yam teeb meem thiab yog li ntawd tsis ua rau cov tawv nqaij los yog cov ntaub so ntswg o.
Siv: Hoses, Connectors, Adapters, Pistons.
10. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Nta: Nws muaj cov pob tshab zoo, lub zog siab thiab ua kua muag ua haujlwm, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm puas;ntau yam hardness, du nto, anti-fungal thiab microorganism, thiab dej tsis kam.
Siv: kho mob catheters, oxygen lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, lub siab lub ntsws, cov khoom tso tshuaj, IV connectors, roj hmab hnab rau cov ntshav siab soj ntsuam, lub qhov txhab hnav khaub ncaws rau kev kho mob extracutaneous.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-09-2023