Injini ya Aero ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ndege.Izi zili choncho chifukwa ili ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo ndipo ndizovuta kupanga.Monga chida chofunikira champhamvu pakuthawira ndege, chimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakukonza zida.Imakhala ndi zolemera zopepuka, zolimba kwambiri, kukana kutentha, kukana kwa okosijeni ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndipo mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a superalloy amamupangitsa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za zida za aero-injini.
Zida za superalloy zimatha kukhalabe ndi ntchito yabwino pa kutentha pamwamba pa 600 ° C komanso pansi pazovuta zina.Kuwonekera kwa zida za superalloy ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za zida zamakono zakuthambo.Pambuyo pazaka zakusinthika kwazinthu, ma superalloys akhala zida zofunika pazida zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimapanga zida zotentha.Malinga ndi malipoti okhudzana ndi izi, mu injini za aero-injini, Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kopitilira theka lazinthu zonse za injini.
M'mainjini amakono amtundu wa aero, kugwiritsa ntchito zida za superalloy ndizokulirapo, ndipo zida zambiri zamainjini zimapangidwa ndi ma superalloy, monga zipinda zoyatsira moto, ma vanes owongolera, masamba a turbine, ndi ma turbine disk casings, mphete, ndi zoyatsira pambuyo.Zigawo monga zipinda zoyaka moto ndi ma nozzles amchira amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida za superalloy.
Kugwiritsa ntchito superalloy mu aeroengine
Ndi kusinthika kosalekeza kwa teknoloji ndi kuzama kosalekeza kwa gawo la kufufuza, kufufuza kwa rhenium yatsopano yokhala ndi makristalo amodzi ndi ma superalloys atsopano adzapitirizabe kufufuzidwa.Zida zatsopano zidzawonjezera mphamvu zatsopano pakupanga zida zamlengalenga m'tsogolomu.
1. Kafukufuku pamasamba a kristalo amodzi omwe ali ndi rhenium
Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti pokonza zinthu zokhala ndi kristalo imodzi, zinthu zonse za alloy ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa makhiristo amodzi amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta, kotero kuti zinthu zina zophatikizana zokhala ndi zotsatira zapadera nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa ku zipangizo kuwongolera.kristalo imodzi katundu.Ndi chitukuko cha aloyi amodzi a kristalo, mankhwala a alloy asintha.Pazinthuzo, ngati zigawo za gulu la platinamu (monga Re, Ru, Ir element) ziwonjezedwa, zomwe zili muzinthu zotsutsana ndi W, Mo, Re, ndi Ta zikhoza kuwonjezeka.Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zisungunuke, kotero kuti zinthu monga C, B, Hf zikhoza kusinthidwa kuchoka ku "kuchotsedwa" ku dziko "logwiritsidwa ntchito";kuchepetsa zomwe zili mu Cr.Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonjezera zinthu zina zowonjezera zimatha kupangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhalebe zokhazikika pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma rhenium okhala ndi makristalo amodzi kumatha kusintha kwambiri kutentha kwake ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yakukwawa.Kuwonjezera 3% rhenium ku aloyi imodzi ya kristalo ndikuwonjezera moyenerera zomwe zili mu cobalt ndi molybdenum zimatha kukulitsa kukana kwa kutentha ndi 30 ° C, komanso kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa okosijeni kungakhalenso koyenera.boma, lomwe lingakhale lopindulitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa rhenium yokhala ndi masamba amodzi a crystal m'munda wamlengalenga.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa rhenium yokhala ndi makristalo amodzi pamasamba a injini ya aero-injini ndizochitika m'tsogolomu.Masamba a kristalo amodzi ali ndi maubwino odziwikiratu pankhani ya kukana kutentha, kulimba kwamafuta, kukana kwa okosijeni ndi kukana dzimbiri.
2. Kafukufuku wama superalloys atsopano
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zatsopano za superalloy, zofala kwambiri ndi superalloy ufa, aloyi ya ODS, pawiri ya intermetallic ndi kutentha kwachitsulo chodzipangira mafuta.
Powder superalloy zinthu:
Zili ndi ubwino wa mawonekedwe ofanana, zokolola zambiri komanso kutopa kwabwino.
Mitundu ya Intermetallic:
Ikhoza kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zigawo ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, zomwe ziri zoyenera kwambiri popanga machitidwe oyendetsa mphamvu.
Ma aloyi a ODS ali ndi:
Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa kutentha kwapamwamba, kutentha kwambiri kwa okosijeni kukana
Zipangizo zodzipaka pawokha zodzitchinjiriza ndi zitsulo zotentha kwambiri:
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitsulo zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu zonyamula ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yonyamula.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa machubu olimba a superalloy mu injini za aero-injini, kufunikira kwawo kukupitilira kukula m'munda wam'mlengalenga wamtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-02-2023