Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma mugutunganya ibice byo mu kirere, nk'imiterere y'ibice, uburemere no kuramba.Izi ngingo zizagira ingaruka kumutekano windege nubukungu bwindege.Ibikoresho byo guhitamo ibyogajuru byahoze ari aluminium nka zahabu nkuru.Mu ndege zigezweho, ariko, zingana na 20 ku ijana byimiterere yose.
Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’indege zoroheje, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho nka polymer zongerwamo ingufu za karubone nibikoresho byubuki byiyongera mu nganda zigezweho zo mu kirere.Amasosiyete akora mu kirere atangiye gukora ubushakashatsi ku bundi buryo bwa aluminiyumu - ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo mu kirere.Umubare wibyuma bitagira umwanda mubice bishya byindege biriyongera.Reka dusesengure imikoreshereze n’itandukaniro riri hagati ya aluminiyumu hamwe nicyuma kitagira umwanda mu ndege zigezweho.
Gukoresha ibice bya aluminiyumu mu kirere
Aluminium ni icyuma cyoroshye cyane, gipima hafi 2,7 g / cm3 (garama kuri santimetero kibe).Nubwo aluminiyumu yoroshye kandi ihenze kuruta ibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminiyumu ntabwo ikomeye kandi irwanya ruswa nkibyuma bitagira umwanda, kandi ntabwo ikomeye kandi ishobora kwangirika nkibyuma bitagira umwanda.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda biruta aluminiyumu mubijyanye nimbaraga.
Nubwo ikoreshwa rya aluminiyumu ryagabanutse mubice byinshi byogukora mu kirere, amavuta ya aluminiyumu aracyafite umwanya wingenzi mu gukora indege zigezweho, kandi kubintu byinshi byihariye, aluminium iracyari ibikoresho bikomeye, byoroheje.Bitewe no guhindagurika kwinshi no koroshya imashini, aluminiyumu ihenze cyane ugereranije nibikoresho byinshi cyangwa titanium.Irashobora kandi kongera imbaraga zibyuma byayo ikayihuza nibindi byuma nkumuringa, magnesium, manganese na zinc cyangwa kuvura ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe.
Aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byindege harimo:
1. Aluminiyumu yumuti 7075 (aluminium / zinc)
2. Aluminiyumu ivanze 7475-02 (aluminium / zinc / magnesium / silicon / chromium)
3. Aluminium alloy 6061 (aluminium / magnesium / silicon)
7075, ikomatanya rya aluminium na zinc, ni imwe mu mavuta akoreshwa cyane mu kirere, atanga ibikoresho byiza bya mashini, guhindagurika, imbaraga no kurwanya umunaniro.
7475-02 ni ihuriro rya aluminium, zinc, silicon na chromium, mugihe 6061 irimo aluminium, magnesium na silicon.Nibihe bivangwa bisabwa biterwa rwose nuburyo bugenewe gukoreshwa.Nubwo ibice byinshi bya aluminiyumu ku ndege birimbisha, ukurikije uburemere bworoshye no gukomera, aluminiyumu ni amahitamo meza.
Aluminiyumu isanzwe ikoreshwa mu nganda zo mu kirere ni aluminium scandium.Kwongeramo scandium muri aluminiyumu byongera imbaraga zicyuma no kurwanya ubushyuhe.Gukoresha aluminium scandium nayo itezimbere ingufu za lisansi.Kubera ko ari ubundi buryo bwibikoresho byimbitse nkibyuma na titanium, gusimbuza ibyo bikoresho na aluminium scandium yoroshye bishobora kugabanya uburemere, bityo bikazamura imikorere ya lisansi nimbaraga zo gukomera kwa airframe.
Gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda mu kirere
Mu nganda zo mu kirere, gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda biratangaje iyo ugereranije na aluminium.Kubera uburemere buremereye bwibyuma bitagira umwanda, imikoreshereze yabyo mu kirere yiyongereye kurusha mbere.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bivuga umuryango wibyuma bishingiye ku byuma birimo chromium byibuze 11%, uruganda rubuza ibyuma kwangirika kandi rutanga ubushyuhe.Ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bidafite umwanda harimo ibintu bya azote, aluminium, silikoni, sulfure, titanium, nikel, umuringa, selenium, niobium na molybdenum.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma bitagira umwanda, hariho ibyiciro birenga 150 bitagira umuyonga, kandi ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane bidafite ibyuma bingana na kimwe cya cumi cyumubare wibyuma.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora gukorwa mumpapuro, isahani, akabari, insinga na tube, bigatuma bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.
Hano hari amatsinda atanu yingenzi yibyuma bitashyizwe mubyiciro cyane cyane muburyo bwa kristu.Ibyuma bidafite ingese ni:
1. Ibyuma bya Austenitike
2. Ibyuma bidafite ingese
3. Icyuma cya Martensitis
4. Duplex ibyuma bidafite ingese
5. Imvura iguye ibyuma bidafite ingese
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibyuma bidafite ingese ni umusemburo ugizwe nuruvange rwibyuma na chromium.Imbaraga zibyuma bidafite umwanda bifitanye isano itaziguye na chromium iri muri alloy.Iyo chromium irenze, niko imbaraga zicyuma ziyongera.Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga birwanya ruswa hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bituma bituma habaho ibice bitandukanye byo mu kirere, harimo ibyuma bifata ibyuma, ibyuma bifata ibyuma hamwe n’ibikoresho bigwa.
Inyungu zo gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda kubice byindege:
Nubwo ikomeye kuruta aluminium, ibyuma bidafite ingese muri rusange biremereye cyane.Ariko ugereranije na aluminium, ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite ibyiza bibiri byingenzi:
1. Ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.
2. Ibyuma bidafite ingese birakomeye kandi birwanya kwambara.
Shear modulus hamwe no gushonga ibyuma bidafite ingese nabyo biragoye gutunganya kuruta aluminiyumu.
Iyi miterere ni ingenzi kubice byinshi byo mu kirere, kandi ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byindege.Ibyiza byibyuma bidafite umwanda nabyo birimo ubushyuhe buhebuje no kurwanya umuriro, kumurika, kugaragara neza.Kugaragara hamwe nubwiza buhebuje bwisuku.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo biroroshye gukora.Iyo ibice byindege bigomba gusudwa, gutunganywa cyangwa gukata kugirango bisobanuke neza, imikorere myiza yibikoresho bidafite ingese biragaragara cyane.Ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo guhangana cyane, nabyo bigira ingaruka kumutekano windege nini.no kuramba ni ibintu byingenzi.
Nyuma yigihe, inganda zo mu kirere zagiye zitandukanye, kandi ibinyabiziga bigezweho byo mu kirere birashoboka cyane ko byubakwa n’imibiri idafite ibyuma cyangwa ikirere.Nubwo bihenze cyane, biranakomeye cyane kuruta aluminium, kandi hamwe nibyiciro bitandukanye byibyuma bitagira umwanda bitewe nibyerekanwe, gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora gutanga imbaraga nziza-muburemere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-02-2023