O manaʻoga faʻavae mo palasitika faʻafomaʻi o vailaʻau mautu ma le saogalemu o meaola, aua o le a latou faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma vailaʻau poʻo le tino o le tagata.O vaega i totonu o mea palasitika e le mafai ona faʻafefe i totonu o vailaʻau vai poʻo le tino o le tagata, o le a le mafua ai le oona ma le faʻaleagaina o auga ma totoga, ma e le oona ma le afaina i le tino o le tagata.Ina ia faʻamautinoa le saogalemu o meaola o palasitika faʻafomaʻi, o vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi e masani ona faʻatau atu i luga o le maketi ua pasia le faʻamaonia ma le suʻega a pulega faʻafomaʻi, ma o loʻo faʻaalia manino e tagata faʻaoga poʻo fea ituaiga o fomaʻi.
E masani ona faʻaaogaina mea faʻapitoa faʻafomaʻi o le polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), ma isi. O le PVC ma le PE e sili ona tele, e 28% ma le 24%;PS e 18%;PP e 16%;e 14%.
O lo'o fa'ailoa mai i lalo mea palasitika e masani ona fa'aogaina i togafitiga fa'afoma'i.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Fa'aaliga: Maualuluga kemisi maualuga, lelei biocompatibility, ae le faigofie ona fusia.
PE o le palasitika faʻamoemoe lautele ma le tele o mea e maua.O loʻo i ai le lelei o le lelei o le gaosiga o gaioiga, tau maualalo, e le oona ma le tofo, ma lelei biocompatibility.
PE e masani ona aofia ai le polyethylene maualalo (LDPE), polyethylene maualuga (HDPE) ma le polyethylene mamafa mole maualuga (UHMWPE) ma isi ituaiga.UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) o se palasitika faʻainisinia faʻapitoa ma le maualuga o le aʻafiaga o le teteʻe, malosi faʻaofuofu teteʻe (o le pale o palasitika), faʻalavelave faʻafefeteina laʻititi, le ola olaola ma uiga lelei o le faʻaaogaina o le malosi.E mafai ona faʻatusatusaina lona faʻamalosi kemikolo ma Faʻatusatusa i le PTFE.
O mea totino lautele e aofia ai le malosi faʻainisinia maualuga, ductility ma le faʻafefeteina.Density polyethylene o loʻo i ai le mea faʻafefeteina o le 1200 ° C i le 1800 ° C, ae o le polyethylene maualalo maualalo o loʻo i ai le mea faʻafefeteina o le 1200°C i le 1800°C.O le Polyethylene o se palasitika pito i luga ole foma'i ona o lona taugofie, o le a'afiaga o le a'afiaga, o le pala, ma le malosi o le fa'atulagaina e ala i ta'amilosaga fa'amama.Ona o le biologically inert ma le fa'aleagaina i le tino
Fa'aaogāina ole Polyethylene Low Density (LDPE): Fa'apipi'i Foma'i ma pusa IV.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) fa'aoga: urethra faufau, mama faufau, trachea faufau, larynx faufau, fatuga'o fa'afugaga, ponaivi faufau, mea toe fa'aleleia.
Ultra-maualuga molecular mamafa polyethylene (UHMWPE) Fa'aoga: mama fa'afua, so'oga fa'aoga, ma isi.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Fa'aaliga: tau maualalo, lautele fa'aoga fa'aoga, fa'agaioiga faigofie, lelei fa'ama'i fa'ama'i, ae le lelei le mautu o le vevela.
PVC resin pa'u pa'epa'e po'o moli samasama pa'u, PVC mama e atactic, faigata ma pala, e seasea faaaogaina.E tusa ai ma faʻamoemoega eseese, e mafai ona faʻaopoopo mea faʻaopoopo eseese e fai ai vaega palasitika PVC e faʻaalia ai mea faʻapitoa ma masini.O le fa'aopoopoina o se aofa'i talafeagai o le palasitika i le PVC resin e mafai ona faia ai ni mea faigata, vaivai ma manino.
O ituaiga lautele e lua o le PVC o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi e faʻaleleia PVC ma PVC faʻamalosi.O le PVC malosi e le o iai pe aofia ai se vaega itiiti o le palasitika, e lelei le tensile, punou, compressive ma aʻafiaga teteʻe, ma e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se mea faʻavae naʻo.O le PVC malu o loʻo i ai le tele o mea faʻapipiʻi, o lona malu, faʻalauteleina i le malepelepe, ma le faʻatupuina o le malulu, ae o lona maʻaleʻale, maʻaʻa, ma le malosi faʻaitiitia.Ole maualuga ole PVC mama ole 1.4g / cm3, ma le tele o vaega palasitika PVC faʻatasi ai ma mea faʻapipiʻi ma faʻatumu e masani lava ile 1.15 ~ 2.00g/cm3.
E tusa ai ma faʻatusatusaga le atoatoa, e tusa ma le 25% o oloa palasitika faafomaʻi o PVC.E mafua ona o le tau maualalo o le resini, lautele o talosaga, ma faigofie gaioiga.PVC oloa mo talosaga faafomai e aofia ai: hemodialysis paipa, ufimata manava, paipa okesene, catheters cardiac, mea prosthetic, taga toto, peritoneum faafoliga, ma isi.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Fa'aaliga: e le oona, leai se tofo, lelei mea fa'ainisinia, mautu vaila'au ma le vevela.Insulation lelei, maualalo vai absorption, lelei solvent tetee, suauu tetee, vaivai acid teteʻe, vaivai alkali tetee, mamanu lelei, leai se faafitauli tau le siosiomaga.PP o se thermoplastic ma sili ona lelei le faatinoga.O loʻo i ai le lelei o le kalave faʻapitoa laʻititi (0.9g / cm3), faigofie gaioiga, faʻalavelave faʻalavelave, faʻafefeteina, ma le maualuga o le liusua (e uiga i le 1710C).O loʻo i ai le tele o faʻaoga i le olaga i aso taʻitasi, o le pp molding shrinkage rate e tele, ma o le gaosiga o oloa mafiafia e faigofie ona faʻaleagaina.O le pito i luga e gaogao ma faigata ona lolomi ma fusifusia.E mafai ona extruded, tui molded, uelo, foamed, thermoformed, masini.
Fomaʻi PP e maualuga le manino, paʻu lelei ma le faʻamalositino tetee, faʻaaogaina lautele i meafaigaluega faʻafomaʻi ma fale gaosi oloa.Le mea e le-PVC ma PP o le tino autu o se suitulaga mo le faʻaaogaina lautele mea PVC i le taimi nei.
Fa'aoga: Su'i tui, feso'ota'iga, ufiufi palasitika manino, straws, afifiina mea'ai a matua, ata tifaga fa'amama toto.
O isi pisinisi e aofia ai ato lalaga, ata tifaga, pusa faʻaliliu, mea e faʻafefe ai uaea, meataalo, taʻavale taʻavale, alava, masini fufulu, ma isi.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) ma Kresin
Fa'aaliga: tau maualalo, maualalo le mamafa, manino, fa'amautu tulaga, fa'aola fa'avevela (fa'amalama).
PS o se ituaiga palasitika lona lua i le polyvinyl chloride ma polyethylene.E masani ona gaosia ma faʻaaogaina e pei o se palasitika vaega e tasi.O ona uiga autu e mama mama, manino, vali faigofie, ma lelei le faʻatinoina o le faʻaogaina.Vaega faaeletise, meafaifaaili mata ma sapalai faaleaganuu ma aoaoga.O le mea'ai e faigata ma ma'ale'ale, ma e maualuga lona fa'asili o le fa'alauteleina o le vevela, ma fa'agata ai lona fa'aogaina i le inisinia.I le tele o tausaga talu ai, na faʻaleleia ai le polystyrene ma le styrene-based copolymers e faʻatoʻilaloina le faaletonu o le polystyrene i se tulaga patino.K resin o se tasi oi latou.
Kresin e fausia e ala i le copolymerization o styrene ma butadiene.O se polymer amorphous, manino, leai se manogi, leai se mea oona, ma le mamafa e tusa ma le 1.01g/cm3 (maualalo i le PS ma le AS), ma maualuga atu aafiaga tetee nai lo PS., manino (80-90%) lelei, o le vevela vevela vevela o le 77 ℃, o le a le tele o le butadiene o loʻo i totonu o le mea K, ma e ese foi lona maaa, ona o le mea K o loʻo i ai le suavai lelei ma le lautele o le gaosiga o le vevela, o lona uiga lelei le faatinoga o galuega.
Fa'aaogāga Crystalline Polystyrene: Mea faigaluega su'esu'e, ipu aganu'u petri ma aganu'u, mea faigaluega manava ma fagu fa'asusu.
Fa'aaogāina o le Polystyrene High Impact: Fata catheter, pamu fatu, fata ta'avale, mea fa'aoga manava, ma ipu fa'asusu.
O faʻaoga autu i le olaga i aso taʻitasi e aofia ai ipu, tapuni, fagu, afifi teuteu, tautau, meataalo, oloa sui PVC, afifiina meaʻai ma sapalai afifiina faafomaʻi, ma isi.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Fa'aaliga: Faigata, fa'atasi ai ma le malosi o le a'afiaga, tete'e masi, fa'amautu tulaga, ma isi, fa'amautu-sūsū, fa'a'ele'ele, faigofie ona fa'agasolo, ma felauaiga malamalama lelei.O le faʻaaogaina faʻafomaʻi a le ABS e masani ona faʻaaogaina e avea ma mea faʻapitoa, kilipa taʻavale, nila palasitika, pusa meafaigaluega, masini faʻapitoa ma fale faʻalogo, aemaise lava fale o nisi mea faʻapitoa faʻafomaʻi.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Fa'aaliga: Lelei le malosi, malosi, fa'ama'a'a ma le vevela fa'amama fa'amama, maualuga le manino.Talafeagai mo tui tui, uelo ma isi faiga fa'alelei, fa'aletonu i le fa'amamafa.
O nei uiga e sili ona fiafia i ai le PC e pei o le hemodialysis filiga, mea faigaluega tipitipi ma tane okesene (pe a i ai i le taotoga o le fatu, e mafai e lenei meafaigaluega ona aveese le carbon dioxide i le toto ma faateleina le okesene);
O fa'aoga fa'afoma'i a PC e aofia ai fo'i faiga tui e leai ni nila, mea fa'asu'u, fale eseese, mea fa'afeso'ota'i, 'au mea faigaluega ta'oto, tane okesene, ipu fa'atoto toto, ma pistons.O le faʻaaogaina o lona manino maualuga, o tioata masani myopia e faia ile PC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Fa'aaliga: maualuga tioata, lelei le vevela, maualuga kemisi, malosi malosi ma alkali ma eseese solvents organic e le afaina ai.E iai le biocompatibility lelei ma le fetuutuunai o le toto, e leai se faʻaleagaina o le physiology o le tagata, e leai se faʻalavelave faʻalavelave pe a totoina i totonu o le tino, e mafai ona faʻamaʻaina i le vevela maualuga, ma e talafeagai mo le faʻaaogaina i le falemaʻi.
PTFE resin o se paʻepaʻe paʻepaʻe ma foliga waxy, lamolemole ma le pipii, ma o le palasitika sili ona taua.PTFE e sili ona lelei le faatinoga, lea e le mafaatusalia e thermoplastics masani, o lea ua lauiloa o le "Tupu o Plastics".Ona o lona coefficient o feteʻenaʻiga e sili ona maualalo i totonu o palasitika ma e lelei le biocompatibility, e mafai ona faia i totonu o vaʻa toto faʻapitoa ma isi masini e faʻapipiʻi saʻo i totonu o le tino o le tagata.
Fa'aoga: O ituaiga uma o la'au fa'afugaga, esophagus, ala talo, urethra, peritoneum faufau, fai'ai dura mater, pa'u fai, ponaivi fa'apitoa, ma isi.
8. Polyether eter ketone (PEEK, Poly eter eter ketones)
Fa'aaliga: fa'afefe vevela, fa'aofuofu tete'e, tete'e vaivai, fa'aola fa'avevela, fa'a'a'ala'au, fa'a'ele'ele'ele'ele, mama mama, lubrication lelei lelei, ma fa'agaioiga lelei.E mafai ona tatalia le autoclaving faifaipea.
Fa'aoga: E mafai ona suitulaga i metala i mea faigaluega tipitipi ma nifo, ma sui ai u'amea titanium i le gaosiga o ponaivi fa'apitoa.
(O meafaifa'aili u'amea e mafai ona fa'atupuina ai ata po'o afaina ai le va'aiga a le foma'i i le taimi o taotoga fa'apitoa fa'apitoa. E faigata le PEEK e pei o le u'amea u'amea, ae e le maua ai ni mea.)
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) e masani ona ta'ua o le nailon, (Nylon)
Fa'aaliga: E iai le fetuutuuna'i, punou le tete'e, maualuga ma'a'a ma e le faigofie ona malepe, vaila'au papamaa tetee ma abrasion tetee.E le fa'asa'olotoina so'o se mea leaga ma o lea e le fa'atupu ai le fulafula o le pa'u po'o le aano.
Fa'aoga: Fa'agaau, Feso'ota'i, Fetuuna'i, Pistons.
10. Polyurethane Thermoplastic (TPU)
Fa'aaliga: E iai le manino lelei, maualuga le malosi ma le fa'atinoga o loimata, vaila'au fa'ama'i ma le abrasion tete'e;lautele lautele o le maaa, luga lamolemole, anti-fungal ma microorganism, ma maualuga vai tetee.
Fa'aoga: catheters fa'afoma'i, ufimata okesene, fatu fa'akomepiuta, mea e fa'amalolo ai vaila'au, mea fa'afeso'ota'i IV, taga pa'u mo le mata'ituina o le toto, fa'aofu manu'a mo le fa'aogaina o mea fa'apitoa.
Taimi meli: Tes-09-2023