Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kumatshini wokwenza usetyenziso lwe-aerospace, njengenxalenye yokumila, ubunzima kunye nokuqina.Ezi zinto ziya kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya kunye noqoqosho lwenqwelomoya.Izinto ezikhethiweyo zokwenziwa kwe-aerospace zihlala ziyi-aluminium njengegolide ephambili.Noko ke, kwiijethi zale mihla, ithatha kuphela ipesenti ezingama-20 zesakhiwo sisonke.
Ngenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno yeenqwelomoya ezikhanyayo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-carbon-reinforced polymers kunye ne-honeycomb materials iyanda kwishishini le-aerospace yanamhlanje.Iinkampani zokuvelisa i-Aerospace ziqala ukuphanda enye indlela ye-aluminium alloys-i-aviation-grade stainless steel.Umyinge wale ntsimbi engenasici kumacandelo amatsha enqwelo-moya uyakhula.Makhe sihlalutye ukusetyenziswa kunye nomahluko phakathi kweealloyi ze-aluminiyam kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici kwinqwelomoya yanamhlanje.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu e-aluminium alloy kwintsimi ye-aerospace
I-aluminiyam yimathiriyeli yesinyithi ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu, inobunzima obumalunga ne-2.7 g/cm3 (iigram nge cubic centimeter).Nangona i-aluminiyam ikhaphukhaphu kwaye ixabisa kancinci kunentsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminiyam ayomelele kwaye ayixhathisi umhlwa njengentsimbi engatyiwayo, kwaye ayomelele kwaye ixhathise umhlwa njengentsimbi engatyiwayo.Insimbi engenasici iphezulu kune-aluminiyam ngokwamandla.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium alloys kuye kwancipha kwiinkalo ezininzi zokuvelisa i-aerospace, i-alloys ye-aluminiyam isabambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yeenqwelo-moya zanamhlanje, kunye nezicelo ezininzi, i-aluminiyam iseyinto eyomeleleyo, elula.Ngenxa ye-ductility ephezulu kunye nokulula komatshini, i-aluminiyam iyabiza kakhulu kunezixhobo ezininzi ezidibeneyo okanye i-titanium.Isenokuphucula ngakumbi iipropathi zayo zetsimbi ngokuyidibanisa nezinye iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, i-magnesium, i-manganese kunye ne-zinc okanye ngokubanda okanye unyango lobushushu.
Iialloys ze-aluminiyam ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni iindawo ze-aerospace ziquka:
1. Aluminiyam ingxubevange 7075 (aluminiyam/zinc)
2. I-aluminium ingxubevange 7475-02 (i-aluminiyam / i-zinc / i-magnesium / i-silicon / i-chromium)
3. Aluminiyam ingxubevange 6061 (aluminiyam/magnesium/silicon)
I-7075, indibaniselwano ye-aluminiyam kunye ne-zinc, yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicelo ze-aerospace, ezinikezela ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zomatshini, i-ductility, amandla kunye nokumelana nokukhathala.
I-7475-02 yinhlanganisela ye-aluminium, i-zinc, i-silicon kunye ne-chromium, ngelixa i-6061 iqukethe i-aluminium, i-magnesium kunye ne-silicon.Yiyiphi i-alloy efunekayo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisicelo esicetywayo se-terminal.Nangona iindawo ezininzi ze-aluminium alloy kwinqwelo-moya zihlobisa, ngokobunzima bokukhanya kunye nokuqina, i-aluminium alloy iyona nto ikhethekileyo.
I-alloy ye-aluminium eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwishishini le-aerospace yi-aluminium scandium.Ukongeza i-scandium kwi-aluminium kwandisa amandla esinyithi kunye nokumelana nobushushu.Ukusebenzisa i-aluminium scandium kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.Kuba iyenye indlela kwizinto ezixineneyo ezifana nentsimbi kunye ne-titanium, ukutshintsha ezi mathiriyeli nge-scandium ekhaphukhaphu ye-aluminium kunokonga ubunzima, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokomelela kwe-airframe's rigidity.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu ensimbi engenasici kwi-aerospace
Kwishishini le-aerospace, ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kuyamangalisa xa kuthelekiswa ne-aluminium.Ngenxa yobunzima obunzima bensimbi engenasici, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ze-aerospace kuye kwanda ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Insimbi engenasici ibhekisela kwintsapho yee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-iron equkethe ubuncinane i-11% ye-chromium, i-compound ekhusela i-iron ekungcoleni kwaye inika ukuxhathisa ubushushu.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zensimbi engenasici ziquka i-nitrogen, i-aluminium, i-silicon, isulfure, i-titanium, i-nickel, ubhedu, i-selenium, i-niobium kunye ne-molybdenum.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zensimbi engenasici, kukho ngaphezu kwe-150 amabakala ensimbi engenasici, kwaye i-stainless steel isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ibala kuphela malunga nesinye kwishumi yenani lilonke lensimbi engenasici.Insimbi engenasici ingenziwa kwishiti, ipleyiti, ibha, ucingo kunye netyhubhu, iyenze ilungele usetyenziso oluhlukeneyo.
Kukho amaqela amahlanu aphambili eentsimbi ezingenasici ezihlelwe ngokuyinhloko ngesakhiwo sekristale.Ezi zintsimbi zingenakutyiwa zezi:
1. Austenitic steel stainless
2. Ferritic steel stainless
3. Martensitic steel stainless
4. Duplex steel stainless
5. Imvula yenza lukhuni intsimbi engatyiwayo
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, insimbi engenasici yi-alloy eyenziwe ngendibaniselwano yentsimbi kunye nechromium.Amandla ensimbi engenasici ahambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomxholo wechromium kwi-alloy.Ukuphakama komxholo wechromium, kokukhona ukuqina kwentsimbi.Ukumelana okuphezulu kwentsimbi engatyiwa ngumhlwa kunye nobushushu obuphezulu buyenza ilungele uluhlu lwamacandelo e-aerospace, kubandakanywa i-actuator, i-fasteners kunye nezixhobo zokumisa.
Iingenelo zokusebenzisa intsimbi engatyiwayo kwiindawo ze-aerospace:
Ngelixa yomelele kune-aluminiyam, intsimbi engatyiwayo idla ngokuba nzima kakhulu.Kodwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-aluminiyam, iinxalenye zentsimbi engenasici zineenzuzo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:
1. Insimbi engenasici inokumelana ne-corrosion ephezulu.
2. Intsimbi engatyiwa yomelele kwaye ayigugi.
Imodyuli yokucheba kunye nendawo yokunyibilika yentsimbi engenasici nayo inzima kakhulu ukusetyenzwa kunealloys ze-aluminium.
Ezi zakhiwo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ze-aerospace, kwaye iinxalenye zensimbi ezingenasici zithatha indawo eyimfuneko kwizicelo ze-aerospace.Iingenelo zensimbi engenasici zikwabandakanya ukushisa okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nomlilo, ukukhanya, ukubonakala okuhle.Imbonakalo kunye nomgangatho obalaseleyo wezempilo.Intsimbi engatyiwayo nayo kulula ukuyenza.Xa iinxalenye zenqwelomoya kufuneka zidityaniswe, zenziwe ngoomatshini okanye zisikwe ngokweenkcukacha ezichanekileyo, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwemathiriyeli yentsimbi engatyiwayo kugqame ngokukodwa.Ezinye iialloyi zensimbi engenastainless zinempembelelo ephezulu kakhulu yokuchasa, ekwachaphazela ukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya enkulu.kunye nokuqina zizinto ezibalulekileyo.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ishishini le-aerospace liye lahluka kakhulu, kwaye izithuthi zanamhlanje ze-aerospace zinokwenzeka ukuba zakhiwe ngemizimba yensimbi engenasici okanye i-airframes.Nangona zibiza kakhulu, zinamandla kakhulu kune-aluminiyam, kwaye ngamabakala ahlukeneyo ensimbi engenasici ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo, ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kusenokubonelela ngomlinganiselo obalaseleyo wamandla-to-ubunzima.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-02-2023